Economic Benefits (General)
 

• Research! America. Research: An Economic Driver. 2010. Annotation: A fact sheet on economic impacts of medical and scientific research.
   
• Chien, Shu, and Samuel C. Silverstein. 1993. Economic impact of applications of monoclonal antibodies to medicine and biology. The FASEB Journal 7, no. 15 (December).
   
• Murphy, Kevin M., and Robert Topel. 1998 rev. 2001. The Economic Value of Medical Knowledge.Annotation: Develops an economic framework for evaluating the social benefits of medical research.

Economic Benefits (Increased Productivity/Innovation)

• Blume-Kohout, Margaret E., Krishna B. Kumar, and Neeraj Sood. 2009. “Federal Life Sciences Funding and University R&D.” Working paper. The National Bureau of Economic Research. 

• Cockburn, Iain M., and Rebecca M. Henderson. 2000.  “Publicly Funded Science and the Productivity of the Pharmaceutical Industry,” in NBER Chapters Innovation Policy and the Economy, Vol. 1, 1-34.Annotation: A study of the impact of publicly funded research on the technological performance of the pharmaceutical industry. Article available on a paid basis: http://www.jstor.org/pss/25056140.

• Lichtenberg, Frank R., and Donald Siegel. 1991.  The Impact of R&D Investment on Productivity – New Evidence Using Linked R&D-LRD Data. Economic Inquiry 29: 203-229.Annotation: This paper uses confidential Census longitudinal microdata to examine the association between R&D and productivity for the period 1972–1985. Article available on a paid basis: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119991523/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 

• Malakoff, David. 2000. Economics: Does Science Drive the Productivity Train? Science Magazine 289. no. 5483 (August 25). Annotation: Article written by David Malakoff that appeared in an August 2000 issue of Science and discusses the measurement problems in evaluating economic benefits of research.

• Mansfield, Edwin. 1998. Academic research and industrial innovation: An update of empirical findings.  Research Policy 26: 773-776.

• Kneller, Robert. 2010. Importance of new companies for drug discovery: origins of a decade of new drugs. Nature Reviews Drugs Discovery 9 (November) 867-882. Article available for a fee at: http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v9/n11/full/nrd3251.html
  
  
• Malakoff, David. 2000. Economics: Does Science Drive the Productivity Train? Science Magazine 289. no. 5483 (August 25). Annotation: Article written by David Malakoff that appeared in an August 2000 issue of Science and discusses the measurement problems in evaluating economic benefits of research.

Economic Benefits (Growth of New Industries)

• Mowery, David C., ed., 1999. “Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology” In U.S. Industry in 2000: Studies in Competitive Performance. 363-398 Washington: National Academy Press. Annotation: Discusses the impact of public policy and government investment in basic research in creating the growth of the pharmaceutical industry.           

• Biotechnology Industry Organization.The Economic Contributions of the Biotechnology Industry to the US Economy.  May 2000. Annotation: Presents the estimates of the significant financial contributions of the biotechnology industry to the U.S. economy and to revenues collected by the federal, state and local governments. 

• PricewaterhouseCoopers. Biomedical industry becomes increasingly vital to state’s economic stability, finds California Healthcare Institute and PricewaterhouseCoopers. January 29, 2009. Annotation: A discussion of the value of the biomedical industry to California’s economic stability. 

• Zucker, Lynne G., and Michael R. Darby. 1997. The economists' case for biomedical research: Academic scientist-entrepreneurs and commercial success in biotechnology. The Future of Biomedical Research (Claude E. Barfield and Bruce L. R. Smith, eds.). Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute and The Brookings Institution. 

• Zucker, Lynne G., Michael R. Darby, and Jeff S. Armstrong. Commercializing Knowledge: University Science, Knowledge Capture and Firm Performance in Biotechnology. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. 2002. 

• Zucker, Lynne G., Michael R. Darby, Jonathan Furner, Robert C. Liu, and Hongyan Ma. 2006. Minerva Unbound: Knowledge Stocks, Knowledge Flows and New Knowledge Production. Research Policy 36, no. 6 (November).

• Zucker, Lynne G., Michael Darby, and Maximo Torero. 2002 Labor Mobility from Academe to Commerce. Journal of Labor Economics 20, no. 3 (July).

• Zucker, Lynne G., and Michael Darby. 2001. Capturing Technological Opportunity vial Japan’s Star Scientiss: Evidence from Japanese Firms’ Biotech patents and Products. Journal of Technology Transfer 26, nos. 1-2 (January) 

• Zucker, Lynne G., Michael Darby, and Marilynn Brewer. 1998. Intellectual Human Capital and the Birth of US Biotechnology Enterprises. American Economic Review 88: 290-306. Available on a paid basis: http://www.jstor.org/pss/116831

Economic Benefits (Job Creation)

• Families USA Foundation. 2008. In Your Own Backyard: How NIH Funding Benefits Helps Your State’s Economy. Families USA Global Health Initiative. (June). Annotation: A report by Families USA on the economic benefits of NIH research.

Economic Benefits (Medical Cost Savings)

• Pardes, Herbert, Kenneth G. Manton, Eric S. Lander, H. Dennis Tolley, Arthur D. Ullian, and Hans Palmer. 1999. Effects of Medical Research on health Care and the Economy. Science 283, no. 5398, (January 1) Annotation: The article discusses how investing in biomedical research will be key to maintaining the solvency of Medicare.

• Sun, Eric C., Anupam B. Jena, Darius N. Lakdawalla, Carolina M. Reyes, Tomas J. Philipson, and Dana P. Goldman, 2009. “An Economic Evaluation of the War on Cancer.” Working paper. The National Bureau of Economic Research.